Global Asset Classes, ranked by M-squared

for period ending August 31, 2026

More ways to view this list of Portfolio Ingredients:
Ingredient Summary Page (Total Return with Maximum Drawdown Scatterplots)
by Return: Total Return (1, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20 years), Historical Return (past 5 years)
by Risk vs. Return: Risk vs. Return Compass, M-Squared, Alpha, Sharpe Ratio, Sortino Ratio, Treynor Ratio
by Volatility / Risk: Maximum Drawdown, Standard Deviation, Downside Deviation, Beta
by Peer Group: Global Asset Classes, Global Equities, Global Sectors

M-Squared is the Modigliani risk-adjusted performance, shown as an annual total return percent. It is derived from the Sharpe ratio, but M-Squared is in units of percent return. M-Squared inputs include standard deviation, the monthly total return, the risk-free rate (3-month T-bill), and the return of a benchmark equity portfolio (the S&P 500, represented by the SPY exchange-traded fund).

Portfolio Ingredients: Global Asset Classes Peer Group
Sort by any column by clicking on the gray column heading.

      M-Squared   Total Return, annualized
Ingredient Name ID Category 1 year 3 year 5 year 10 year 15 year 20 year   1 year 3 year 5 year 10 year 15 year 20 year
    Group average  
 
Agriculture DBA Commodities -9.6% -5.5% 2.1% -9.0% -15.3%     9.4% 15.0% 11.7% 5.4% 0.0%  
Industrial Metals DBB Commodities 10.3% -5.8% -5.8% -7.7% -13.2%     33.5% 17.2% 7.5% 8.4% 1.8%  
Oil DBO Commodities 0.6% -12.5% -2.9% -8.1% -14.1%     67.4% 14.7% 15.0% 11.7% -0.2%  
Invesco Commodity DBC Commodities: Broad 6.8% -9.6% -0.1% -6.1% -13.6% -9.1%   45.7% 13.3% 13.4% 9.9% 1.4% 2.3%
SPDR Gold Shares GLD Commodities: Prec Metals -4.7% 2.2% 5.6% -2.7% -9.9% -2.4%   28.4% 31.4% 19.2% 12.6% 5.7% 9.9%
AUStralia FXA Currency: AUS Dollar -5.8% -16.0% -14.7% -16.7% -17.9% -9.8%   10.8% 4.8% 0.4% 0.1% -1.6% 1.5%
CAN Canada Dollar FXC Currency: CAN Dollar -26.7% -25.8% -22.5% -19.3% -20.5% -13.6%   -0.6% 0.3% -1.0% -0.1% -2.0% -0.6%
CHF Swiss Franc FXF Currency: CHF Franc -26.8% -19.1% -12.9% -15.9% -17.6% -9.8%   -1.6% 2.7% 2.0% 1.1% -0.8% 1.6%
EUR Euro FXE Currency: EUR Euro -26.9% -17.8% -16.9% -17.9% -19.6% -12.9%   0.1% 3.7% 0.4% 0.3% -1.6% -0.3%
GBP UK Pound FXB Currency: GBP Pound -19.4% -15.5% -14.3% -15.8% -17.9% -14.3%   2.4% 4.9% 1.5% 1.1% -0.8% -0.9%
JPY Japan Yen FXY Currency: JPY Yen -43.6% -26.6% -26.0% -25.3% -24.2%     -8.4% -3.5% -7.7% -4.7% -5.2%  
USD US Dollar indx UUP Currency: USD index -9.9% -17.6% -5.9% -12.0% -10.6%     6.2% 3.8% 5.6% 3.0% 3.1%  
iShares MSCI EEM Equity: Emerging Mkts 3.8% -1.4% -5.5% -7.3% -10.5% -6.5%   37.0% 22.5% 7.6% 8.6% 5.3% 5.9%
Alerian US MLP AMLP Equity: MLP 4.7% -2.2% 6.0% -10.1% -11.0%     23.6% 19.8% 20.7% 7.4% 5.8%  
US Corp Med 5-10y IGIB Fixed Income -23.0% -13.0% -15.7% -12.5% -10.4%     2.1% 6.1% 0.9% 2.8% 3.0%  
Emerg Mkt Hi Yld EMHY Fixed Income -4.8% -0.2% -8.9% -10.7%       8.2% 12.2% 4.1% 4.0%    
Muni Hi Yield HYD Fixed Income -12.3% -17.8% -19.4% -14.9% -10.9%     5.5% 3.7% -1.0% 1.3% 3.2%  
US Treas 7-10yr IEF Fixed Income -27.4% -19.2% -21.2% -17.9% -14.0% -6.2%   0.2% 3.0% -1.7% 0.5% 1.5% 3.2%
Intl Treas IGOV Fixed Income -27.4% -18.8% -20.6% -19.6% -18.2%     -1.5% 2.6% -4.3% -1.5% -1.2%  
VanEck Intl Hi Yield IHY Fixed Income -15.8% -6.9% -12.7% -10.8%       4.0% 8.7% 2.0% 3.7%    
VanEck Intermed Muni ITM Fixed Income -18.0% -19.5% -19.1% -15.9% -11.6%     3.1% 3.1% -0.2% 1.4% 2.5%  
US Hi Yield JNK Fixed Income -7.5% -5.8% -10.4% -9.1% -7.9%     5.3% 8.3% 3.4% 4.5% 4.7%  
US Mort Backed MBB Fixed Income -19.5% -16.4% -18.1% -17.4% -14.3%     3.0% 4.5% 0.1% 1.1% 1.5%  
US Inflation Prot TIP Fixed Income -30.9% -18.4% -19.6% -14.0% -12.5% -5.5%   0.9% 3.8% 0.2% 2.3% 2.1% 3.3%
U.S. Agg Bond Market AGG Fixed Income: Aggregate -23.8% -17.3% -19.9% -16.7% -12.9% -5.3%   1.9% 4.1% -0.3% 1.4% 2.0% 3.0%
U.S. Total Bond Market BND Benchmark -24.2% -17.3% -20.4% -16.7% -12.9% -5.1%   1.8% 4.1% -0.4% 1.4% 2.0% 3.1%
iShares Emerg EMB Fixed Income: Aggregate -11.2% -8.8% -13.6% -13.0% -10.6%     6.0% 8.8% 1.0% 2.5% 3.6%  
Invesco Emerg Mkt Sov Debt PCY Fixed Income: Aggregate -14.3% -12.2% -13.3% -14.2% -11.5%     5.0% 8.1% -0.2% 1.4% 3.2%  
T-Bill 1-3 Month BIL Fixed Income: Cash-like -13.1% -11.0% -36.9% -26.9% -23.3%     3.7% 4.5% 3.5% 2.3% 1.5%  
iShares Treas 20y+ TLT Fixed Income: Long-Term -22.1% -21.6% -21.9% -18.4% -14.0% -8.3%   -0.3% -1.1% -8.0% -2.4% 1.1% 2.9%
iSh Treas 1-3y SHY Fixed Income: Short-Term -37.7% -19.2% -28.8% -22.8% -19.1% -8.0%   2.3% 4.1% 1.8% 1.7% 1.3% 1.9%
ACWI (Global) ACWI Int'l Equity: Core 2.8% 0.9% -1.4% -2.1% -3.8%     22.3% 20.5% 10.9% 12.7% 11.2%  
Intl Dev Core EFA Int'l Equity: Lg Cap 3.5% -1.6% -3.3% -5.6% -7.3% -6.2%   21.5% 18.2% 9.3% 9.5% 7.9% 5.5%
iSh EAFE Growth EFG Int'l Equity: Lg Cap Gro -6.4% -9.1% -8.6% -7.3% -8.1% -6.3%   14.8% 12.6% 4.0% 8.1% 7.3% 5.3%
iSh EAFE Value EFV Int'l Equity: Lg Cap Val 10.4% 5.2% 2.3% -5.2% -7.5% -6.7%   28.3% 23.7% 14.6% 10.4% 8.1% 5.2%
Intl Dev Sm Cap SCZ Int'l Equity: Small Cap -2.8% -4.7% -7.3% -7.2% -7.4%     18.7% 17.3% 5.4% 8.5% 8.4%  
US Large Core IWB U.S. Equity: Lg / Mid -0.2% -0.5% -0.8% -0.5% -0.4% -0.2%   19.6% 20.6% 12.0% 15.0% 14.8% 11.2%
iSh Russell 3000 IWV U.S. Equity: Lg Cap 0.3% -0.9% -1.2% -0.9% -0.8% -0.6%   19.9% 20.4% 11.6% 14.7% 14.5% 11.0%
S&P 500 SPY Benchmark 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%   20.2% 20.9% 12.7% 15.3% 15.0% 11.3%
iSh Russ 1000 Gro IWF U.S. Equity: Lg Cap Gro -11.6% -3.8% -2.3% 0.4% -0.2% 1.0%   10.6% 20.9% 11.7% 17.7% 16.7% 13.2%
Invecso QQQ QQQ U.S. Equity: Lg Cap Gro -3.0% -1.9% -0.9% 2.0% 1.3% 2.6%   26.3% 24.5% 14.2% 20.8% 19.7% 16.6%
iSh Russ 1000 Val IWD U.S. Equity: Lg Cap Val 15.9% -0.8% -0.6% -3.8% -2.8% -2.8%   29.5% 19.6% 11.6% 11.6% 12.4% 8.7%
iSh Russell IWC U.S. Equity: Micro Cap 9.0% -5.7% -6.7% -7.0% -6.5% -5.2%   37.5% 23.0% 6.6% 11.0% 11.7% 7.9%
iSh US Mid Core IWR U.S. Equity: Mid Cap 0.8% -5.7% -5.1% -4.8% -3.9% -2.4%   17.7% 16.7% 7.9% 11.5% 12.4% 9.9%
iSh US Mid Growth IWP U.S. Equity: Mid Cap Gro -21.5% -9.7% -8.5% -5.1% -4.6% -2.5%   -1.4% 13.9% 4.1% 11.9% 12.3% 10.2%
iSh US Mid Value IWS U.S. Equity: Mid Cap Val 8.8% -5.0% -3.7% -6.0% -4.5% -3.3%   24.3% 17.2% 9.3% 10.3% 11.8% 9.1%
iSh Russ 2000 IWM U.S. Equity: Sm Cap 3.2% -8.0% -6.5% -6.8% -6.3% -4.2%   26.3% 17.3% 6.7% 10.5% 11.3% 8.8%
iSh Russell 2000 IWO U.S. Equity: Sm Cap Gro -3.3% -8.9% -7.9% -6.9% -6.4% -3.9%   23.1% 16.9% 5.0% 10.6% 11.5% 9.4%
iSh Russ 2000 Val IWN U.S. Equity: Sm Cap Val 11.8% -7.5% -5.3% -7.4% -6.7% -5.0%   29.6% 17.6% 8.3% 9.9% 10.8% 7.8%
iShares Real Estate IYR U.S. Real Estate -12.8% -12.9% -10.8% -10.4% -8.5% -7.1%   7.6% 9.1% 1.4% 5.1% 7.3% 5.2%
Vanguard Real Estate VNQ U.S. Real Estate -11.8% -12.5% -10.7% -10.7% -8.4% -6.7%   8.6% 9.6% 1.5% 4.9% 7.7% 5.9%
Strategic 60-40 Portfolio s.6040 Benchmark -2.3% -3.4% -4.8% -2.7% -1.6% 0.2%   12.7% 13.9% 6.9% 9.5% 9.7% 8.2%